3月25日、国際平和構築協会セミナーにおいて、
文民の保護における国連警察の役割について
お話しさせていただきました。
理事長の長谷川先生のツイートはこちら

国連平和活動において、文民の保護のマンデートは
もはや単にマンデートの一部ではなく、
平和活動そのものの目的である場合もあります。
国連平和活動の中で最も数的にも役割としても成長してきた
国連警察においては、
この文民の保護においてどのような役割が与えられているのでしょうか。
文民の保護という考え方の中心である、
国家ではなく人々を中心に保護するという姿勢と、
受け入れ国のコミュニティと密接に関わりながら働く国連警察の姿勢とに焦点をあて、
国連警察を文民の保護マンデートのより中核に位置させ、
そのために指揮体系や国連の内部構造を整えていくことが必須だと議論しました。

英語版の要約は、下記をご覧ください。
―――



The Role of UnitedNations Police in Protection of Civilians

25 March 2017

Ai Kihara-Hunt

 

Havinginitiated as the United Nation (UN)’s response to mass civilian killings, theconcept of protection of civilians (POC) has become the center of what UNPeace Operationsdelivers. It is the raison d’être fora few recent missions. Prof. Kihara-Hunt explored the role of the UN police inPOC and argued that their central role should be supported institutionally andoperationally.

 

Thepresentation was in three parts: 1) the birth and development of POC, 2) thedevelopment of the role of the UN police, and 3) challenges and suggestions forbetter delivery of POC.

 

  1. ThePOC concept was born as the UN’s response to mass killings of civilians. Thekey is, and remains to be, protecting civilians ‘under imminent threat ofphysical violence’. The content has become more specific. Some recent mandatesidentify specific groups for protection. Earlier mandates included POC as apart, and some more recent ones have POC as their objectives. POC has shiftedfrom an authority to use force to the duty to protect at two levels: at thelevel of peacekeepers and that of the mission. The UN considers its POCmandates in three tiers and four phases, taking a holistic approach with its focuson the community in the host State.

  2. UNpolice is the fastest growing component of UN Peace Operations. Having startedin the 1960s as a 30-member team under the military command, it has grown innumber to around 13,000 and has been long recognized as an independentexistence. Its functions have shifted from monitoring to capacity building andinstitution building. They are required to deliver more and more complex tasks.There are two types of UN police: Individual Police Officers (IPOs, includingSpecialized Police Teams - SPTs), who are seconded by contributing countriesand deployed individually; and Formed Police Units (FPUs), who are seconded asunits of 120-140 police officers. FPUs are deployed for specific tasks, operatingin high-risk environments and/or requiring coherent response. Currently about70 percent of UN police are FPUs. UN police have gained importance in UN PeaceOperations, to the extent that they not only deliver core functions, but alsothe effective delivery of their functions is linked to the missions’ exitstrategies. UN police’ strength, in particular that of IPOs, is theirinteraction with the communities that they serve for, and information that arebased on that posture. Despite this, UN police are yet to be fully integratedinto the UN’s planning, strategies, operations and analysis, and struggle todeliver their functions efficiently. They suffer from insufficient andinadequate supply of human and other resources. UN Police are currently underreform. An external review suggested that their functions be considered in twodifferent types: protection and development and that appropriate human resourcebe provided for those functions.

  3. POCis a mandate that contains the biggest gap between what is expected and what isdelivered, according to the High Panel on UN Peace Operations. In particular,the role of the UN police is most unclear according to a study by the UNDepartment of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Office for theCoordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). The community-centered approach ofthe POC matches the strength of the UN police. It is suggested that the UNpolice play the central role in the delivery of the POC. For that, it isessential that the structure of command be clarified, POC operations to becivilian-led in principle, and the UN police to be fully involved POC planning,strategies, analysis and evaluation.